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coords
[~]<x>,[~]<y>,[~]<z> ^<sway>,^<heave>,^<surge>
represents a position in the world with comma-seperated coordinates.
prefixing with ~ specifies a coordinate whose value is relative to the most relevant object (usually either the player's feet or their selection). these relative components can be intermixed with absolute ones.
prefixing with ^ specifies a coordinate whose value is relative and whose axes are based on the player's look direction. these look direction relative components cannot be intermixed with any other type.
"sway" means left from your perspective, "heave" means upward from the top of your head, "surge" means straight ahead. if you are, say, facing north but looking up into the sky, "sway" is -X (west), "heave" is +Z (south), and "surge" is +Y (up).
block
<id>[:<meta>]
represents a block of a specific type.
id can be provided as an integer ("1") or a translation key ("stone"). meta is provided as an integer.
the special key "air" can be used as an alias for id 0.
axis
X|Y|Z|^
represents a specific coordinate axis.
^ specifies the axis the player is looking in.
direction
N|E|S|W|U|D|^
represents a specific direction.
^ specifies the direction the player is looking in.